The Rights Movement And Civil Rights - 761 Words

The right to vote, a power to participate in selecting leaders by ballot, derived from North America’s English origins (Kernell et al. 2014, p. 485). Throughout American History, voting rights began as privilege for those with a certain extent of wealth, a privilege that many had sought and longed for. Due process of many national movements, credited to the women’s suffrage movement and civil rights movement, the right to vote had evolved from the limited amount of eligible voters into a human right, that of every American citizen. Low turnout rates in national election is major problem caused by voter lack of motivation/interest and can be solved through systematic enhancements that lower the opportunity cost of voting. Low turnout rates in national election are a major problem caused by voter’s lack of motivation and lack of interest form the newer generations. Low turnout rates evolved into a major problem as the amount of voters had been on the a constant dec line since the 1960s, where the Kennedy-Nixon race of 1960 peak at a 63% turnout and the latter elections fail to deliver such high rate (Patterson 2002, p. 4). The turnout then plunged to only 49% in the 1996 election due to the one-sided nature of the Clinton-Dole race, it was noted that 96.3 million Americans voted and 100.3 million opted to let it be (Patterson 2002, p. 4). This is a clear display to lack of motivation/interest from voters, the lopsided race made voting unattractive, nobody wanted toShow MoreRelatedThe Rise Of The Civil Rights Movement1179 Words   |  5 Pagessegregations. Out of the numerous elements that arose in the 1960s, there are three movements that truly affected the American society. Firstly, the rise of the civil rights movement was greatly influenced by racial discrimination of colored people in the South. Secondly, the women’s movement aimed to convince the society that women are capable of achieving and maintaining higher waged job like mal es. Lastly, the gay rights movement aimed to gain acceptance and stop discrimination of homosexuality. The mostRead MoreThe Folk Music Of The Civil Rights Movement1208 Words   |  5 PagesResponse Paper #4 The folk music of the Civil Rights Movement â€Å"came out of tradition, common experience, and generations of resistance† (Dunaway 2010: 140). The songs used throughout the movement derived from the shared experiences and struggles of African Americans while connecting â€Å"the gentle, idealistic world of folk music and the integrationist world of civil rights† (Dunaway 2010: 145). Songs, such as â€Å"We Shall Overcome†, were put through the folk process, where a song is passed on and alterationsRead MoreThe Great Leaders Of The Civil Rights Movement1563 Words   |  7 Pages They seem to be forgotten until they are highlighted once again. Another example of a person that was not really highlighted for their actions is Nina Simone. She made an impact on the Civil Right Movement that not many other artist or celebrity would have done. When you think of the Civil Rights Movement the first three that come to mind of course are, Martin Luther King Jr., Malco m X, and Rosa Parks. So, when someone hears the name Nina Simone the two most common responses might be â€Å"Who’sRead MoreSocial Movements : Black Civil Rights2647 Words   |  11 PagesSocial movements are vital to the establishment of our societies, and they way we are governed. Social movements help the less privileged band together to create a stronger voice among a sea of political correctness and unlawfully rule that the public supposedly have to abide by without question. Movements create this new form of platform that, if done successfully, are able to create a worldwide frenzy where people from across all walks of life, including politicians, academics, the less fortunateRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement911 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement: Martin Luther King Jr. Martin Luther King Jr. changed history not only for African American’s, but for all who live in the United States. Martin was born on January 15, 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia. As a child Martin attended many public segregated schools throughout Georgia until he graduated at the age of fifteen. Following high school, Martin Luther King Jr. attended many colleges such as, Morehouse College, Crozer Theological Seminary, and Boston University. While studyingRead MoreCauses Of The Civil Rights Movement954 Words   |  4 Pagesquote was very much true. Post civil war times were hard on African Americans. Even though at the time they were considered free, they were often criticized and discriminated against. Finally, shootings, brutality, and unfair treatment were enough. In an effort to end racial segregation and discrimination against African-Americans all over the country, they took a stand. This was known as the Civil Rights Movement. There were many interesting events that cause d this movement. The three main causes thatRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1259 Words   |  6 Pages The civil right movement refers to the reform movement in the United States beginning in the 1954 to 1968 led primarily by Blacks for outlawing racial discrimination against African-Americans to prove the civil rights of personal Black citizen. For ten decades after the Emancipation Proclamation, African-Americans in Southern states still live a rigid unequal world of deprive right of citizenship, segregation and various forms of oppression, including race-inspired violence. â€Å"JimRead MoreThe Right Side Of History : The Civil Rights Movement1228 Words   |  5 PagesOn the Right Side of History: The Civil Rights Movement Open for interpretation, freedom is one of the most resonating and powerful words to Americans. The word ‘freedom’ has been utilized as a tool for social justice; however, due to its versatility, it may also be used as a weapon of destruction. When history is examined, it is often true that one man’s ‘freedom’ is another man’s oppression. Systematic institutionalization of the ideology that race was anything more than a social construct helpedRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1601 Words   |  7 PagesThe Civil Rights Movement â€Å"I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.† This was a speech by Martin Luther King Jr. Even one hundred years after slavery was banned, African Americans were still being treated unfairly. Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the most famous leaders of the Civil Rights movement in the 1960’s. The Civil Rights movement was a movement of AfricanRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement Essay1190 Words   |  5 Pages The Civil Rights Movement The 13th amendment, passed on the first of January, 1865 abolished slavery throughout America. Although African Americans were considered free after this amendment was approved, they still had a long and arduous struggle to absolute freedom. Before the Civil Rights Act of 1964, segregation in the United States was frequently used throughout many of the Southern and Border States. Schools, bathrooms, libraries, and even water fountains were segregated. Though there were

Ict and Ebusiness Retail Industry - 88499 Words

ICT and e-Business Impact in the Retail Industry Study report No. 04/2008 European Commission, DG Enterprise Industry e-Mail: entr-innov-ict-ebiz@ec.europa.eu, info@ebusiness-watch.org Impact Study No. 04/2008 ICT and e-Business Impact in the Retail Industry A Sectoral e-Business Watch study by empirica GmbH Final Report Version 4.0 September 2008 This report was prepared by empirica on behalf of the European Commission, Enterprise Industry Directorate General, in the context of the Sectoral e-Business Watch programme. The Sectoral e-Business Watch is implemented by empirica GmbH in cooperation with Altran Group, Databank Consulting, DIW Berlin, IDC EMEA, Ipsos, GOPA-Cartermill and Rambà ¸ll Management based on a†¦show more content†¦5 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3.1 2.3.2 2.3.3 Introduction ................................................................................................... 9 The Sectoral e-Business Watch......................................................................................... 10 ICT and e-Business – key terms and concepts .................................................................. 13 Study objectives and methodology..................................................................................... 18 Context and background ............................................................................. 22 Sector definition – scope of the study................................................................................. 22 Industry background .......................................................................................................... 24 Trends and challenges ...................................................................................................... 25 Macro-economic developments slowing down retail sales ................................................................ 26 Increasing concentration and strong competition.............................................................................. 27 Changing consumerShow MoreRelatedWoolworths - Competitive Advantage3336 Words   |  14 PagesPresence o Bigger Network ↠ Appendix ↠ Reference List EXECUTIVE SUMMARY If we compare it with other countries across the globe, Australia has become one of the toughest and most competitive markets in terms of FMCG industry. Aggressive competitions, strict ruling of ACCC, more and more aggressive business model are being adopted, economy is falling apart, price increases experienced by customers in many areas and radical changes in our customer buying behaviour. TheseRead MoreRole of Ict in Scm4376 Words   |  18 PagesRole of ICT in Supply Chain Management including E-Commerce, M-Commerce, e-SCM, ITESCM School of Management Studies Cusat,kochi-22 nithin248@gmail.com Abstract: Supply chain management (SCM) is concerned with the flow of products and information between supply chain members’ organization. Companies are attempting to find ways to improve their flexibility and responsiveness and in turn competitiveness by changing their operations strategy, methods and technologies that include the implementationRead MoreGodiva Analysis2309 Words   |  10 Pagesprepared by e-Business W@tch. The European Commission, Enterprise Industry Directorate General, launched e-Business W@tch in late 2001 to monitor the growing maturity of electronic business across different sectors of the economy in the enlarged European Union, EEA and Accession countries. All publications are available in full length on the internet at the e-Business W@tch website (www.ebusiness-watch.org). C ASE S TUDY : ICT E UROPE I N SUPPORT OF CRM AT G ODIVA C HOCOLATIER Abstract Read MoreEcommerce Assignment on Amazon4169 Words   |  17 Pagesexponential increase in the web application and Internet usage, enterprises have reframed their business strategies and have proved to be a strong catalyst for economic development (UNDP report, 2003). The adoption of Information Communication technologies (ICT) at various levels of an organization has resulted in improvement in the key factors of business profits, that is, customer relation, supply chain management, mass customization and reduced costs (Muir et al. 2002). Through the combined use of effectiveRead MoreE-Banking in Developing Economy: Empirical Evidence from Nigeria5899 Words   |  24 Pagesmajor factors responsible for internet banking based on respondents’ perception on various e-banking applications. It also provides a framework of the factors which are taken to assess the e-banking perception. Due to emergence of global economy, ebusiness has increasingly become a necessary component of business strategy and a strong catalyst for economic development. 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Immune Response and Hypersensitivity Free Essays

Axia College Material Appendix C Immune Response and Hypersensitivity Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity After completing the Puncture Wound Multimedia Activity, complete the table below. List the four events of the inflammatory response covered in the activity in the order of occurrence. Rewrite the events in your own words, using vocabulary terms from Ch. We will write a custom essay sample on Immune Response and Hypersensitivity or any similar topic only for you Order Now 2 of the text. Vascular Events in an Inflammatory Response |Events |Simplified description of event |Professional description of event | |1st |Germs from the nail are introduced below the skin. The skin is broken in some way, in this case by a nail | | | |puncturing the skin. When this occurs, it allows the entry | | | |of pathogens (germs such as bacteria) into the wound. | |2nd |Surrounding cells leak fluid that affects the blood |An immediate local innate response in the infected tissues | | |vessels. is generated by components of the immune system which are | | | |present in those tissues. Those components of the immune | | | |system include macrophages (a type of white blood cell) and | | | |complement proteins (proteins that are involved in the | | | |initial immune response). |3rd |The fluid affecting the surrounding blood vessels causes |Other immune cells (such as neutrophils), leave the | | |the release of other cells into the tissue. |circulation, attracted by the inflammatory mediators | | | |released by the mast cells and enter the wounded area. | |4th |As the wounded part of the body reacts to the germs, |The neutrophil cells attack the pathogens that have entered | | |certain cells destroy these germs. |the wound and begin to kill them. In the meantime, another | | | |specialized immune cell, known as the dendrite cell, carried| | | |parts of the dead pathogen back to the nearby lymphatic | | | |system. | Hypersensitivity Give a brief description and example in your own words for each of the four types of hypersensitivity presented in Ch. 2. Hypersensitivity Matrix Type of Hypersensitivity |Description |Example | |Type I: Allergic/Anaphylactic |Anaphylaxis  is an acute|Anaphylaxis is often triggered by substances that are injected or ingested and | | |multi-system severe |thereby gain access into the blood stream. An explosive reaction involving the skin,| | |type I hypersensitivity|lungs, nose, throat, and gastrointestinal tract can then result. | | |reaction. | |Type II: Cytotoxic/Cytolytic |Cytotoxic are caused by|The reaction of the antibody attachment leads to the activation of complement | | |antibodies, which |proteins (again, encountered earlier). The complement proteins destroy the person’s | | |at tach to a person’s |own blood cells. Type II reactions often occur in incompatible blood transfusions. | | |own blood cells or | | | |tissue cells. | |Type III: Immune Complex |An  immune complex  is |After an  antigen-antibody reaction, the immune complexes can be subject to any of a | | |formed from the |number of responses, including  complement  deposition,  opsonization,  phagocytosis, or| | |integral binding of an |processing by  proteases. | | |antibody to a soluble | | | |antigen. | |Type IV: Cell-mediated/Delayed|Type IV (cell-mediated)|Cell-mediated immunity is directed primarily at microbes that survive | | |reactions appear 12-72 |in  phagocytes  and  microbes  that infect non-phagocytic cells. | | |hours after exposure to| | | |an allergen. | | How to cite Immune Response and Hypersensitivity, Papers

Australian Housing Prices Global Housing Watch

Question: Describe about the Australian Housing Prices for Global Housing Watch. Answer: For years now, the Australian Property Bubble has been an ongoing debate. Many believe that Australian houses are significantly overpriced (Janda 2014). According to the IMFs Global Housing Watch, Australia is one the most expensive places to buy a house (Jericho 2014). It is ranked number three, after Canada and Belgium. This year June, Sydney property prices for established houses rose by 3.2 percent. By 2015, Sydney had the highest median house price among capital cities at $929, 842 (Jericho 2014). It is worth noting that the house prices in the Australian real estate market are expected to continue rising. Reasons behind Surging Housing Prices Low-Interest Rates Low-interest rates have characterized Australia since 2008 (HSBC Warns 2014). As a result, the borrowing capacity increased for the countries citizens owing to the lower repayment rates. In turn, this led to record levels of secured home loans to investors. Besides, the ten years before the beginning of the financial crisis saw the tripling of housing prices in the country. During this time, banks had the ability to create money through the money creation process each time they administered a loan (HSBC Warns 2014). As a result, the money created by banks increased significantly. The increased money in circulation caused by excessive lending was a major driver of the rise in housing prices. Limited Government Releases of New Land Around 1980, Australian states began implementing rigid planning laws that control the use of land (House Price Rises 2016). Mainly, these were systems of land rationing where developments were banned in all areas except the selected regions. Consequently, this created an extreme property price inflation due to the limited supply amid high demand for land. Over time, property prices increased significantly. In turn, this increased the cost of development and eventually led to the rise in house prices in the country. Pressures of Supply and Demand Housing prices in the country rise faster that income because of the pressures of demand and supply. Structural economic and development changes have led to increased urbanization. It is noteworthy that this increased urbanization has made urban land scarce (Australian Population Growth 2010). Therefore, as the population size increases, the scarcity of land increases. Over time, the growing demand for land and housing in urban areas for the available land puts pressure on the prices of houses to increase (Janda 2014). As a result, the prices of homes have become increasingly unaffordable to many individuals in Australia. Unfavorable Tax System By and large, the Australian tax system favors existing home homeowners and investors more than the savers. Investors are given substantive tax deductions as incentives to invest in the country. To make investment attractive, Australia has also allowed negative gearing for investors to claim losses against their taxable income (Janda, 2014). Thus, they are more motivated to invest in housing developments. In the process, citizens are sidelined and charged exorbitant taxes on their earnings. Consequently, this makes an investment in housing and other forms of property rather expensive (Rasche and Williams, 2005). Investment Rule Changes for Foreigners In 2008, the Australian government enacted legislations that relaxed rules for foreign buyers of property in the country. As a result, overseas investors take advantage of the laws to acquire property in the country. Unfortunately, they buy them to land bank and not rent them out because such investors are only interested in their capital growth (Schwab 2009). Additionally, many Australian lenders and banks offer home loans to non-residents to purchase property in the Australian market, thereby contributing to the increase in the countrys house prices (Schwab 2009). Macroeconomic Solutions the Government Can Undertake to Ensure Affordable Housing for the Younger Generation Monetary policies Contractionary Monetary Policies to Increase Interest Rates Levels. The Australian government can implement contractionary monetary policies to increase interest rates in the country. According to Jericho (2014), contractionary monetary policies will lead to a decrease in the supply of money in the economy. A drop in the supply of money will lead to a significant increase in interest rates. Higher interests rate will result in reduced consumption and investment (Naylor n.d). It is worth noting that reduced consumption results in a lower aggregate demand. Likewise, the higher interest rates will increase the cost of borrowing and discourage Australians from taking loans and mortgages (Jericho 2014). The higher interest rates imply higher credit costs, and therefore the demand for housing by foreign investors, and existing homeowners will reduce considerably (Naylor n.d). Increasing Reserve Requirement for Banks. The Australian government should consider increasing the cash reserve ratio for banks. This will increase the percentage of deposits that financial institutions are expected to hold as reserves and maintain liquidity (Rasche Williams 2005). By raising the reserve ratio, the government will achieve a significant decrease of money created and lent by financial institutions to Australian citizens. The government will, therefore, be able to control the amount of lending in the economy as well as the money supply (Rasche Williams 2005). Consequently, a reduction in the money supply will mean that not many Australians and foreign investors will have the money to purchase property in the Australian real estate market. In turn, this will lead to a significant decrease in the demand for houses. Subsequently, a reduction in the level of demand will reduce pressure on the limited supply, thereby relaxing house prices in the country by a substantial amou nt (Jerciho 2014). Fiscal Policies Revenue Policies/Tax policies. The Australian government can use instruments of fiscal policy to reduce the taxation levels for its citizens. By and large, revenue policies affect the level of personal income tax rates, indirect business tax rates, corporate profit tax rates, as well as contributions to social security (Naylor n.d.). Reducing the tax rates for its citizens will result in an increase in the disposable income available for individuals to invest in the real estate market. Additionally, Macroeconomic theory proposes that decreasing tax rates will reduce the level of GNP. Consequently, a decline in GNP will indirectly influence demand for housing by prompting variations in economic variables (Naylor n.d). Decreasing Government Spending. Reducing government expenditure is a contractionary fiscal policy used when the price levels in the country are too high (Dolamore 2016). In this case, the high house prices in the Australian property market can be regulated by a contractionary fiscal policy that reduces competition of the government in real estate property can reduce can substantially reduce pressure on property demand, thereby reducing prices of houses in the country (Rasche Williams 2005). Relaxing Legislations on Land Use The government may also instigate flexible legislations and policies as regards to the use of land in Australia. Also, this can be done through the utilization of under-utilized and state-owned land to enhance affordable housing development through the sale of land, leasing or establishment of a Community Land Trust (Whitzman, Newton Sheko 2015). Furthermore, it should investigate funding mechanisms for affordable housing such as government backing for bond instruments, social housing bonds, and shared equity schemes alongside investors and developers to ensure the development of affordable housing options for the younger generation (Whitzman, Newton Sheko 2015). Furthermore, the state government should facilitate legislations to support the development of affordable housing in Australia financially. Whitzman, Newton and Sheko (2015) suggest that this can be achieved through value capture revenue and state-owned land release such as neighborhood gentrify. It is also the responsibility of the state and local governments to deliver a planning framework that dictates minimum design requirements as necessary to ensure the availability of quality, family friendly and affordable housing for the people of Australia. Urban Planning Reforms The Australian government should explore funding mechanisms for affordable housing in the countrys urban areas. According to Whitzman, Newton and Sheko (2015), this can be done through enabling accessory units and laneways that reduce requirements and restructure affordable housing approval procedures. Housing approval processes are made easier by limiting third party appeals, thereby allowing individuals to invest in building their own houses instead of being renters forever (Whitzman, Newton Sheko 2015). What is more, the government could also instigate community housing organizations, developers, investors and the local governments to work together in the Transforming Housing deliberative planning partnership to enhance the affordable housing sector (Affordable Housing 2016). Long-Term Tax-Credit Based Investments The Australian government in collaboration with the Commonwealth states can support a long term, tax credit based investment strategy. Such an approach is bound to increase the availability of affordable housing options for the people of Australia. Such programs can be administered by the Treasury or the Australian Tax Office (Whitzman, Newton Sheko 2015). Besides, this initiative will reduce the adverse effects of the current unfavorable tax system that favors investors and property owners at the expense of the savers and renters. Therefore, implementing tax-credit based investments will offer Australian citizens and residents the opportunity to invest in their own houses at rather affordable rates. Integrated Policy The lack of policy consistency in Australia creates additional risk and acts as a significant barrier to affordable housing in the country. Therefore, improving planning and infrastructure provisions will go a long way in developing affordable housing options in the state (Ma 2016). Primarily, affordable housing initiatives are based on the excellent horizontal integration of land use policies and transport with social infrastructure provision at the metropolitan and local scale of governance (Ma 2016). The state government in conjunction with the metropolitan governments can work together to maintain a lasting urban containment boundary within which there would be a rapid expansion of public transport making more areas available for affordable housing with good access to jobs and services (Whitzman, Newton Sheko 2015). Reference List Affordable Housing Working Group Issues Paper. (2016). 1st ed. [eBook] Australian Treasury, p.416. Available from: https://www.treasury.gov.au/~/media/Treasury/Consultations%20and%20Reviews/Consultations/2016CFFR%20Affordable%20Housing%20Working%20Group/Key%20Documents/PDF/Issues_Paper.ashx [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Australian Real Estate, 2016, Why are housing prices rising faster than wages?. [Online] Available from: https://www.australianreal-estate.com/Real-Estate/news/NewsArticle.jsp?News_ID=5 [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Dolamore, R 2016, Fiscal and monetary policy-renewed international debate. [Online] Parliament of Australia. Available from: https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/BriefingBook44p/FiscalMonetaryPolicy [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Global Property Guide, 2016, House price rises accelerating in Australia. [Online] Available from: https://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Pacific/Australia/Price-History [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Janda, M. 2014, Its official: Australia's property prices are out of whack. [Online] ABC News. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2014-06-12/janda-it%27s-official:-property-prices-are-getting-out-of-reach/5517674 [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Jericho, G 2014, Stimulating Australia: Why Lower Interest Rates May Not Be The Answer. [Online] The Guardian. Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/business/grogonomics/2014/aug/21/stimulating-australia-why-lower-interest-rates-may-not-be-the-answer [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Naylor, T. The Impact of Fiscal and Monetary Policy on the Housing Market. [Online] Duke University. Available from: https://scholarship.law.duke.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3162context=lcp [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Rasche, R. and Williams, M. (2005). The Effectiveness of Monetary Policy. 1st ed. [ebook] St. Louis: The Federal Reserve Bank, pp.12-67. Available at: https://research.stlouisfed.org/wp/2005/2005-048.pdf [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Schwab, A 2009, Foreign Buyers Blow Out the Housing Bubble. [Online] Crikey. Available from: https://www.crikey.com.au/2009/09/21/the-role-of-foreign-buyers-in-the-ever-inflating-housing-bubble/ [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. The Australian 2014, HSBC Warns Risk Rising On The Housing Bubble. [Online] Available from: https://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/hsbc-warns-house-prices-risk-rising/news-story/662c89d36ed4ef67d8f11d2e1f977037 [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016]. Whitzman, C., Newton, C. and Sheko, A 2015, Transforming Housing: Affordable Housing for AllPartnership options for policy, investment and demonstration projects.' Proceedings of the Affordable Housing Summit, pp.3-30. Available from: https://msd.unimelb.edu.au/sites/default/files/docs/Affordable%20Housing%20Summit%20Options%20Paper_for_web.pdf [Accessed 15 Oct. 2016].